Split Cherry Tree

The short story, Spilt Cherry Tree, was written by Jesse Stuart. In the beginning of the story, Dave and his classmates went with Professor Herbert on a field trip for biology class. They were all searching for lizards, bugs, snakes, frogs, flowers, and plants. Dave and five of his classmates had spotted a lizard in the old cherry tree up the hill, so all six of them ran up the tree after it, and the tree broke down. Eif Crabtree, the owner of the tree was plowing when it happened and he ran up and go tall the boys’ names. Dave’s five classmates who broke the tree with him were all able to get the dollar that they owed Mr. Crabtree, but Dave knew he wouldn’t be able to get his. Professor Herbert kept Dave after school and told him that he paid Dave’s dollar, but he would have to work four hours at the school to earn the full dollar, which means he would be getting paid twenty-five cents and hour to help the janitor. Dave really didn’t mind staying after school, but he knew that he would get a whipping from his father if he was two hours late getting home. Dave told Professor Herbert that he would rather have the professor whip him with a switch so he could go on home and help his dad with chores because he knew his dad would whip him if he was two hours late. Dave was also afraid that his father would make him quit school because he was a little old fashioned and didn’t understand the school system of that time. Split Cherry Tree The short story, Spilt Cherry Tree, was written by Jesse Stuart. In the beginning of the story, Dave and his classmates went with Professor Herbert on a field trip for biology class. They were all searching for lizards, bugs, snakes, frogs, flowers, and plants. Dave and five of his classmates had spotted a lizard in the old cherry tree up the hill, so all six of them ran up the tree after it, and the tree broke down. Eif Crabtree, the owner of the tree was plowing when it happened and he ran up and go tall the boys’ names. Dave’s five classmates who broke the tree with him were all able to get the dollar that they owed Mr. Crabtree, but Dave knew he wouldn’t be able to get his. Professor Herbert kept Dave after school and told him that he paid Dave’s dollar, but he would have to work four hours at the school to earn the full dollar, which means he would be getting paid twenty-five cents and hour to help the janitor. Dave really didn’t mind staying after school, but he knew that he would get a whipping from his father if he was two hours late getting home. Dave told Professor Herbert that he would rather have the professor whip him with a switch so he could go on home and help his dad with chores because he knew his dad would whip him if he was two hours late. Dave was also afraid that his father would make him quit school because he was a little old fashioned and didn’t understand the school system of that time.

Issues in Scottish Curriculum Design Essay

The way that any curricula is broken up into is two main ways; one being the curriculum in action, where the aims, content and experiences of the curriculum on paper are implemented in practice. The other is the curriculum on paper which is the ideology of what should be implemented in education across the board. The ideology in curriculum can be split up into four main categories. Most papers on this topic, agree to an extent what the four ideologies constitute of, but Schiro’s (2008) ideologies are the most commonly known. The ‘Scholar Academic’, the ‘Social Efficiency’, the ‘Learner Centred’ and the ‘Social Reconstruction’ ideologies are the four main categories explained in the Curriculum Theory that will be discussed in this paper in relation to The Curriculum for Excellence, the current curriculum in Scotland. The oldest of the four ideologies is the Scholar Academic ideology which focuses on the accumulation of knowled ge and understanding. The aim of this ideology is to pass on the knowledge of certain disciplines (subject areas), to allow there to be future scholars in that particular area and therefore, further develop understanding. The academic disciplines are the result of the culture’s compiled knowledge and understanding of each area, and with this in mind, the purpose of education is to assist pupils to learn this knowledge. The next ideology is Social Efficiency. This is pretty dominant in our curriculum today and means to prepare the learner for becoming an efficient and contributing member in society. The learner’s objective is to learn certain skills that will in turn achieve certain objectives that benefit society (Lorrie A. 2000). The individual will learn a mixture of knowledge and skills that can be put together, therefore making the skills more efficient and more beneficial to society. The learner centred ideology focuses more on the needs and interests of the individual rather than the c ontent they are to learn. The idea behind this theory is that learning will take place due to the interactions between the individual and their environment, therefore being more down to the experiences rather than the content. The newest of these ideologies is Social Reconstruction. This is where the social reconstructionists are aware of the problems in society and see the job of the educator to correct these problems in the classroom, hoping that it will reconstruct their society as it is (Groenke, S. 2009). The focus of the curriculum would not be based on knowledge but more of values and opinions that would benefit the society and make it attain the greatest satisfaction of its members. In ‘Building the Curriculum 3: A framework for learning and teaching’ it has examples of all four of the classifications of the curriculum ideology provided by Schiro (2008). It has examples of Academic ideology as it discusses the importance of knowledge and the ability and opportunity to increase the depth of knowledge already acquired as it states â€Å"Throughout a young person’s learning there will be increasing specialisation and greater depth, which will lead to subjects increasingly being the principal means of structuring learning and delivering outcomes.† (page 20, Building the Curriculum 3). From this quote we can relate the academic ideology through the concentration on developing knowledge further to specialisation in certain subjects, therefore being able to pass on the knowledge and allow it to grow from there. There are many examples of ‘The Social Efficiency Ideology’ in the paper as it focuses on health and wellbeing experiences and outcomes where the individual’s get the opportunity to gain skills that benefit the individual in life and work, but also the community around them. This is to help them become effective contributors in society: †¦support all children and young people in developing skills which they will use throughout their life and in their work, including the development of pre-vocational, enterprise and employability skills, personal skills, high levels of cognitive skills and the opportunity to put learning into a practical context. (page 15, Building the Curriculum 3) This example shows that the curriculum is aiming to encourage the learning of certain skills that will improve chances of employability and life skills that will help the young people settle into society and be able to play their part within it. The Curriculum for Excellence sees itself as being centred on the learner, and their individual needs. There are plenty examples throughout the paper of this ideology where the child is involved in what they are learning and setting themselves goals to achieve and having choice in what they learn within the curriculum, â€Å"All children and young people should experience personalisation and choice within their curriculum, including identifying and planning for opportunities for personal achievement in a range of different contexts† (page 17, Building the Curriculum 3). This quote shows that the idea of the curriculum is to give young people freedom to make their own decisions in what they are learning and at their own level. There are four capacities that make up the purpose of the curriculum that are described in this paper. ‘Successful learners’, ‘confident individuals’, ‘responsible citizens’ and ‘effective contributors’, are the capacities that the curriculum aims to enable young people to become. ‘Responsible citizens’ is a good example of The Social Reconstructive ideology as it explains how they will learn respect and about different cultures and how to behave responsibly within the community in all aspects (political, cultural or otherwise). As Building the curriculum states: †¦able to develop knowledge and understanding of the world and Scotland’s place in it, understand different beliefs and cultures make informed choices and decisions evaluate environmental, scientific and technological issues develop informed, ethical views of complex. (page 22, Building the Curriculum 3) Here in this example, it shows that the curriculum wants to provide young people with varied knowledge so that the decisions they make in the future will help to create a better society. The idea is to teach them about values and respect so that they may make better informed decisions as to what is best for the society around them. Building the Curriculum 3 contains examples of all four of the ideology categories, but there are two that are most prevalent, ‘Learner Centred’ and ‘Social Efficiency’. Upon examining the evidence in more depth it seems that the ‘Social Efficiency’ ideology is the most dominant within this paper. Its main focus is on preparing and equipping individuals for future endeavours. For instance, the skills needed for future work prospects upon which Kridel’s (ed.2010) summary, of David Sneddon’s idea of social efficiency, explains the curriculum as a way to make individuals efficient for work. As discussed by Arnoldy (online), social efficiency in education is more for the benefit of the social economy than for the individual, but contradicting that theory in this paper, are the examples of learner centred ideology that is dotted throughout. Though, combining these two theories, Valades’ (online) talks about the idea that to help out society, educating young people to learn and improve their skills and capabilities to help the community in the future, is the way forward. From Building the Curriculum 3 and having summarised that the main ideology behind it is focusing on preparing the individuals to become more efficient and productive for contributing to our society, we can see that there will be some implication for teachers. Teachers who have been teaching for years under the same curriculum will struggle to accept the new curriculum, if it is as completely different way to how they have been teaching before. Although the main focus of the curriculum in Scotland has been focused on preparing individuals for the future, it has not been focused on the more individual level. This may cause implication for teachers as they only have specific allocated times to be with classes and it will be hard to offer each individual, the time and attention they need to develop specific skills to the point of being efficient. The teacher will have to focus more on the experiences and outcomes the learners are objected to, to develop the skills needed for the real world. This causes some problems as it depends highly on what the school can afford to give in ways of experiences, as most of these will probably be met outside of school. So, teachers need to find a way of achieving the outcome of making the individual a more effective contributor to society by combining what they learn in and outside of the classroom. This would be a task for teachers, as the environment each individual they teach will be different and this therefore means that the teacher will have to find a way to combine these different environments or find a similarity and focus on that. Building the Curriculum 3 has some implication for teachers, but the focus being on social efficiency means that in some ways there are not so many changes from the past as at least for the last hundred years the school curriculum has been focused on making learners that will have skills that will help them achieve objectives that will make the society a more efficient place. A Comparative Overview of the Curriculum Ideologies – Chapter 6 http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/47671_ch_6.pdf (visited 29th dec 2012) Critical Pedagogy and Teacher Education in the Neoliberal Era: Small Openings pp 3 Springer Netherlands, 2009 volume 6 Susan L. Groenke http://www.geocities.ws/rf_valades/index2.htm Social Efficiency Theory – SAVE SOMETHING TODAY Rodrigo Valades visited 29th dec 2012 The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture Lorrie A. Shepard Vol. 29, No. 7 (Oct., 2000), pp. 4 American Educational Research Association http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/47671_ch_6.pdf Chapter 6 – A Comparative Overview of the Curriculum Ideologies visited 29th dec 2012 Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies edited by Craig Kridel SAGE Publications Inc 2010 Pg 4-7 Curriculum Theory: Conflicting Visions and Enduring Concerns, Schiro, M. (2008a) SAGE Publications, Inc Pg 199-245 Curriculum Theory: Conflicting Visions and Enduring Concerns Second Edition, Schiro, M. (2012b) SAGE Publications, Inc Building the Curriculum 3: A framework for learning and teaching, The Scottish Government, 2008

Critically compare and contrast theories of management (classical, Essay

Critically compare and contrast theories of management (classical, human relations, systems, contingency, Marxist labour process - Essay Example In 1911, Taylor suggested management a process in which that he suggested that if planned scientifically, would direct to success. His guidelines of scientific management started a revolution in the ways we assumed the procedures and the status of a manager. Numerous early writers in management challenged that there was an appropriate way of organizing work and completing tasks. Others established on the engineering approaches to approve the effects of bureaucracies. Mintzberg elaborated the responsibility and role of a manager in leading the organizations to attaining goals in a logical manner. The informational, interpersonal, and decisional roles he distinguished are equally practicable to the managers operating in private, public or nonprofit organizational set up (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010). Classical Management Theory Classical management theory engages making multiple standards of workers to enhance profitability. Employees working at the lower levels find their jobs supervi sed by managers, who in turn, are supervised by upper level management. At each level, employees are required to perform jobs according to particular procedures created to boost productivity. Moreover, this theory concentrates on a distant side of the business. Employees and managers are advised to resist friendly and personal communications within the organization. Rules and regulations must be followed with precision, and the recruitment of employees must associate only to the potentials they attain. However, classical management theory is not employed in many organizations because some of its loopholes. As few elements of the theory, like crafting procedures for accomplishing tasks and keeping personal matters out of business, assist an organization concentrate on the current job, the theory fails to identify the disparity among employees. When employee emotions and opinions are not considered, the business may not flourish or may confront high ratios of employee turnover. Since, the employee feels deprived of establishing a relationship and they leave the organization in search of a more fulfilling job. The classical management theory highlights on the ways management can be or designed to acquire productivity. Henri Fayol, an eminent name in management science, crafted several management theories directed towards success, like designing a unified way among managers, discipline, and centralization. Numerous other management theories focused on establishing team confidence (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010). On the other hand, the major weakness of the classical management theory emerged from its difficulty, and stubborn structure. One of the core principles of the classical management theory is to raise productivity and performance; however, acquiring these objectives often came at the cost of human bonds and creativity. For instance, managers would utilize assemble line procedures and project management theories that concentrated on successful division of jobs . However, employers overlooked the relational factor in employees, in the procedure of attempting to forecast and manage human behavior. In reality, the human relations movement raised in reaction to the classical management theory, as a method to understand the responsibility of human motivation in efficiency. Also, too much depending on previous experience is another flaw of the theory. The theorists of this era only examined their

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Globalisation - Essay Example From 1979 onwards, all countries’ financial spectrum transformed with capital controls deregulating and witnessing of new financial elements such as derivatives. Economic activities intensified in Greece when the government resolved to fund Small and Medium Enterprises years before the economic crisis of 2008. Businesses boomed and social as well as political atmosphere transformed paving way for greater opportunities. However, this came to a halt when the entire planet submerged in an ocean of financial crisis in 2008 (Mceachern, 2012:63). This paper will seek to outline the way in which recent financial crisis of 2008 and subsequent recession has affected Greece. This will be realized by exploring Greece’s economic, political, and socioeconomic consequences as a case study country. A country case study provides an analysis of the country’s modern or contemporary developments. The 2008 financial crisis and its subsequent recession meant many things to almost every country especially the US, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain (Mceachern, 2012:26). However, the hardest hit nation was Greece where the country had to resolve to borrowing from international money lending institutions such as the IMF. Due to financial crisis, conditions in the financial markets changed where banks relaxed in interbank lending or purchase of any government debt otherwise known as bonds. Due to this situation, financial analysts and policy makers speculated presence of financial pressures within peripheral economies since such economies had accumulated huge deficits within their government spending (OECD Publishing, 2010:51). With increased deficits on Greece’s government spending, the country started experiencing increased debt levels. With this respect, it is agreeabl e that the recent financial crisis of 2008 and subsequent recession affected Greece by skyrocketing its government spending. This in turn

Propaganda in Movies Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Propaganda in Movies - Movie Review Example I will also analyze the techniques used in each movie to present the propagandistic content, including camera techniques, in order to determine what these propaganda movies have in common. Narrator: Significantly, the opening text of the film does not offer the spectator a clear idea about Aidid who was a clan leader that was militarily more powerful than any of the other groups contending for the control of the city. "As a clan that is seeded deep in Somalia's past and present culture, the killing of Aidid would more likely have caused citizens of the clan's areato be angry." (Smith, et al.) Ridley Scott has been highly effective in combining severe action with excruciating and building tension all through the film, which greatly influenced the overall effect of the film as a propagandist film. In one of the most catching scenes of the film, the director presents a long-drawn-out street battle between a small force of elite American troops and thousands of Somalian militia. Every frame of this scene captures the mind and heart of the audience and the director creates the tension in the minds of the viewers. Narrator: The street battle between a small force of American troops and thousands of Somalian militia can best be realized as a means of propagandist treatment. Here, the narrator presents the American troops as elite groups while much of the tension amplifies this awareness. The representation of the Somalis in the film attracts the viewers. The film is relevant to the people living in Western democracies for the way it depicts Somalis, the most recent refugee group to enter many of their countries in large numbers. Montage of clips from the battlefield: Through the helicopter shots in the film, especially at night, the director suggests the unfolding battle and these shots are greatly exciting to the audience. The mixture of sound effects and the helicopter shots help the audience recognize the internal component of the film as well as the intension of the director. Close-up scenes of war: All through the film, the director provides the carnage of war close up. Sound: The carnage of war close up scenes is adequately supported by the background music and sound mixing. Presbey: The viewers are able to recognize the power of shots that build up tension in the film and the minds of the viewers. "In Black Hawk Down, we see the carnage of war close up. We see people's heads and limbs blown off, reduced to quivering pulp Exposed to the carnage of the Vietnam War on their televisions, many US citizens decided the war was cruel and unjust. Government control of access to war areas and information is clearly an attempt to minimize coverage of the carnage, apparently fearing the pacifist prediction is correct." (Presbey) Therefore, the techniques used in the film suggest the propaganda elements in it. American soldiers vs. the Somalis villains: In the film, the director presents the A

Contemporary Issues In Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Issues In Marketing - Essay Example Industrial marketing is another contemporary marketing aspect. It entails changing the focus from the end products to capital goods. Industrial marketing utilizes advertising, promotion and communication to consumers in order to increase the sales. In the same way, companies are currently using social marketing as an avenue of generating benefits for members of the society. In order to reach customers regardless of their location, organizations adopt e-marketing that involve use of internet to market their products. This has been achieved through the advancement of technology in the contemporary world. Ethics in Coca-Cola Company Coca-Cola Company maintains corporate governance guidelines that depict the approaches adopted by the company in order to enhance corporate governance that is vital in meeting the needs of its consumers and employees. In order to ensure accountability and transparency in the company, Coca-Cola management team undertakes regular reviews of its system. The rev iew is also undertaken to achieve international ethical practises thus ensuring the company retains its leadership in the soft drink industry. Code of business conduct is one of the major aspects that are adopted by directors, employees and other associates in order to enhance integrity and honesty during the performance of their duties. Any time new directors or employees are hired by the company, they should study and understand the ethics concepts that are covered by the code. In this way, they effectively emulate the required ethical procedures during their duties. The company also has put in place Ethics & Compliance Committee whose responsibilities include administering the Code. Other duties of the... The paper work studies the aspects of social marketing as an avenue of generating benefits for members of the society. In the contemporary world, marketing has been influenced by various aspects that include technology development, customer relationship management, globalization and stiff competition. To ensure that companies remain competitive and the sales volume are increased, it is imperative to ensure that ethical issues are appropriately addressed during the operations of any company. Coca-Cola Company, the world market leader in the soft drink industry has portrayed effective ways of dealing with ethical issues. Despite the criticism that faced the company mostly from India, Coca-Cola has not been left behind as far as undertaking social responsibilities is concerned. This has resulted to creation of strong customer-company relationship which has seen the company sales increase over the years. Another essential marketing aspect that Coca-Cola has adopted is effective segmentat ion of its market. Meeting of its customer needs is an important aspect that Coca-Cola has initiated in its effort to win customer’s loyalty and trust. This has been achieved through segmentation of its market based on the location and behaviours of its customers among other aspects as depicted in the discussion above. Additionally, Coca-Cola has embarked on various strategies in order to improve its brand awareness. These include extensive advertisement of its brands especially via its website and other avenues.

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

American History - Essay Example tilize the division and hatred that existed at the time within the halls of power in Europe to advance the nascent position that the United States engendered.1 As a case in point, Washington and others actively courted France and sought to curry favor within the halls of French power as a means of securing both financial and military support during and after the American Revolution.2   So great was the level of love displayed for the French during this time that citizens of the newly formed United States sought to divorce themselves fully of nearly every attribute and facet that connected them to England.   Again, although Nicole makes a valuable point with regards to the extent that Washington sought to distance the United States from European squabbles that so often devolved into far flung imperial wars, he was not opposed to massaging the other side of the issue and seeking to work shared distaste, distrust, and hatred for England towards his, and the nation’s,

CCNA Basic (Assignment Booklet 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CCNA Basic (Assignment Booklet 2) - Essay Example By using the 255.255.255.201 and subnetting the network you get more IP addresses and it is easier than requesting two more address blocks. This enables each network to have its own subnet to house their own devices in order to keep the network secure and ensure there is no collision of traffic. Question 3: Using 10.0.0.0create a subnet mask for the 900 subnets. Identify 198th and VLSM for a further 40 subnets. 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.224 host range 1 to 30 10.0.0.32 255.0.0.224 host range 33 to 62 10.0.0.64 255.0.0.224 host range 65 to 94 10.0.0.96 255.0.0.224 host range 97 to 126 10.0.0.128 255.0.0.224 host range 129 to 158 10.0.0.160 255.0.0.224 host range 161 to 190 10.0.0.192 255.0.0.224 host range 192 to 222 10.0.0.224 255.0.0.224 host range 225 to 254 10.0.0.256 255.0.0.224 host range 258 to 287 10.0.0.289 255.0.0.224 host range 291 to 320 10.0.0.322 255.0.0.224 host range 324 to 353 10.0.0.355 255.0.0.224 host range 357 to 386 10.0.0.388 255.0.0.224 host range 390 to 419 10.0.0.421 255.0.0.224 host range 423 to 452 10.0.0.454 255.0.0.224 host range 456 to 485 10.0.0.487 255.0.0.224 host range 489 to 518 10.0.0.520 255.0.0.224 host range 522 to 551 10.0.0.553 255.0.0.224 host range 555 to 584 10.0.0.586 255.0.0.224 host range 588 to 617 10.0.0.619 255.0.0.224 host range 621 to 650 10.0.0.652 255.0.0.224 host range 654 to 683 10.0.0.685 255.0.0.224 host range 687 to 716 10.0.0.718 255.0.0.224 host range 720 to 749 10.0.0.751 255.0.0.224 host range 753 to 782 10.0.0.784 255.0.0.224 host range 786 to 815 10.0.0.817 255.0.0.224 host range 819 to 848 10.0.0.851 255.0.0.224 host range 853 to 882 10.0.0.884 255.0.0.224 hos

Discussion Week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Week 5 - Essay Example They also tend to hold more than one view. Mindlessness on the other hand is an illusion people create for themselves that deceives then that they are in control of each and every situation which is not entirely the case. Mindlessness leads to an individual having a narrow self-image, they acquire learned helplessness and they often lose control leading to unintended cruelty. A social worker that is mindful is able to handle the challenges that come with their work. They are bale to for example convince patients about the importance of their health through appealing to their mindsets and using their innovation to assist them change their behavior for the better. By appealing to their minds, they will have led to a behavioral change (Langer, 2014). Social Workers are knowledgeable about human behavior across the life course. How does Life Course theory assist us in gaining, organizing and using this critical information? How is Life Course theory different from traditional life-span theories? Provide clear examples to distinguish theories. Life course theory discusses a variety of human concepts and do not limit themselves to only a particular course. They handle concepts such as the social changes, the structural contexts, and the historical as well as socioeconomic context of their lives over a period of time. These therefore means that in analyzing the behavior of people using this theory, the social workers will cut across different disciplines from history to biology, sociology, psychology and even economics as they all affect the human behavior throughout the course of their life. People are therefore able to compartmentalize the information they receive throughout their life and assist in being mindful of what they do and say. Traditional life span theories only focus on the developmental aspect of an individual’s life and hence they leave out other aspects that are important especially to the behavior of an

Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Social work - Essay Example I have learned to empathize and see the perspective of the service-user I counsel without crossing the boundaries of professionalism. I work with victims of domestic violence. I am aware that they need to be understood but not patronized in a way that makes them feel pitied. I have also learned to control my feelings and not allow them to get in they way of my pursuit of professionalism. For example, there was a service user who was very agitated when she came to the refuge. Her emotionality caused the other workers to panic or become defensive which further provoked her. Although I was nervous, I approached her calmly with a firm but gentle voice and asked her what was bothering her. I did not mirror her actions and reactions or else it will just be encouraged, so I did the opposite and talked to her in a low, calming voice to soothe her, assuring her everything will be alright but she needed to relax. My approach worked because she did calm down. A little while later, she was ready to talk about her issues. In my dealings with service users, I have learned to ask questions that would elicit more information about them and their cases. As much as possible, I ask open-ended questions to enable them to answer with more information instead of just a ‘yes’, a ‘no’ or any other one-word answers. I am learning so much from my placement experiences although I know I have a long way to go. I take every opportunity to hone my skills, enhance my knowledge and build my professionalism. I receive appropriate training, support and supervision to help me in the successful implementation of my duties (Thompson, 2009). I read books, online articles or simply engage in deep conversations with available mentors in placement. â€Å"Social work is a profession and a social science committed to the pursuit of social justice, to quality of life, and to the development of the full potential of each individual, group and community in a society.† I am fully aware

The EU Water Framework Directive Essay Example for Free

The EU Water Framework Directive Essay The EU Water framework directive was adopted on 23rd October, year 2000. This water framework directive aims at protection as well as management of the European waters. It also includes the adoption of plans to manage and appropriate measures that apply for each water mass. Through this water framework directive, the EU is able to manage inland surface, coastal waters, ground water as well as transitional waters with an aim of preventing and reducing pollution, promoting sustainable use of water, protecting of the aquatic environment, improving the aquatic ecosystem status as well as mitigating the effects of droughts and that of floods. The EU water framework directive has some demands that all the member states must meet. One of these demands is that of pricing. If water is adequately priced, it acts as a major incentive for sustainable and better use of the water resources. The member states are therefore required to see to it that the prices charged to the water consumers for example for the distribution of water is fresh or collection and treatment of dirty water, reflects or rather shows true costs. However, some EU member states have a very stiff challenge in meeting this demand. The EU water framework directive also demands that there should be full public participation so as to achieve the goal of having clean water. In order to port public participation in place, rallies and seminars must be conducted so as to educate the public on the need for having clean water. The EU member states should also exercise greater transparency during establishment of objectives, when imposing measures and when reporting standards (www. dhigroup. com/). If these things are practiced, then higher number of citizens tends to influence and participate in overall environmental protection. Most EU states however have had a challenge in engaging their citizens in participating or working towards having clean water. Lack of sufficient funds to hold conferences and seminars with the citizens so as to create awareness has been a major challenge. Another demand for EU water framework directive is that there should be coordination of objectives. These objectives include protection of the aquatic ecology, protection of water resources for drinking and protection of water used for bathing. All these are objectives that must be integrated as far as each river basin is concerned. However, most EU member states have a challenge in integrating these objectives for each river basin. The EU member states have also been faced with a challenge of business pressures. In meeting the demand of the EU water framework directive, most large water consumptive abstractors such as water companies, food as well as drink manufacturers. These firms are likely to be affected in the process of licensing the ground water, which may be identified as a chief cause of poor ecology. In addition, the EU member states face a challenge of maintaining clean water in rivers. This may occur if Environment Agency has water bodies that are small in the river basin, hence sewage treatment works that discharge into small rivers tend to be vulnerable. The EU water framework directive also should have a criteria against which ecological status have to be assessed. However, this criteria has not yet been achieved and hence it is a challenge to the EU member states to bring foist it is criteria. The member states are also having a challenge of ensuring that the methods that are adapted to measure impacts are comparable. The EU Water framework directive has a demand that the standards for water protection must be laid down as well as setting down the organizational aspect of water management. It also demands that the core objectives of the environment are to prevent aquatic ecosystems’ deterioration and restoration of polluted waters within a given timescale. The challenge to the EU member states is how to take into account the economic considerations so as to ensure that the improvements that are planned are not unnecessarily expensive as well as technically infeasible. EU member states are also faced with a challenge of cost uncertainties. In spite of thorough preparation and pilot testing that has taken place, many crucial decisions on how to implement and carry out the directive and measures as well as legal instruments that will be required have not yet been made. This uncertainty and short of information is shown in the wide range of values of the associated costs as well as benefits contained regulatory impact assessment that was published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Conclusion. The EU water framework directive is one of the most important directives adopted by the EU member states. It aims at adopting and maintaining way of ensuring that clean water is obtained through ensuring that all water masses are kept free from pollution. To achieve this, all the member states have to put I place all the necessary requirements as well as provide awareness to its citizens. It is through the awareness and cooperation of the citizens that water pollution can be achieved.

Puff And Fresh Restaurant Billing System Computer Science Essay

Puff And Fresh Restaurant Billing System Computer Science Essay Puff and Fresh is a popular Restaurant where a large number of Customers Visited. It is very important to have a successful Billing system for the Restaurant. Currently the Restaurant has manual billing system which has many faults when maintain the Bills. Therefore it is good to maintain a computerize system to reduce the errors and to reduce the tiresome Billing system. This documentation contains information on how the Billing system has been created. Facts are discussed under the following topics: The documentation has clearly defined the above topics and there importance of the system. All requirements have been reasoned out and proper conclusions have been made. 1. Introduction Puff and Fresh is a Restaurant. At present Puff and Fresh maintain manual Billing system and they need a computerize approach to maintain Bills. Puff and Fresh shows the customer the different breakfast items offered by the restaurant. Allow the customer to select more than one item from the menu. Calculate and Print the billà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. It is required to develop a C++ application that could Print Menu Item, Price, Amount etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The program is needed to have a user interface which contains the functionalities such as inserting number of adults and children. Choosing the menu and ordering the menu. Creating the bill and print the bill. The aim of this assignment is to present the knowledge the students have gathered this module; C ++ programming. The assignment is divided into their respective sections, and each section has its own objectives, which are to be achieved successfully. Basic fact finding techniques have been followed and the preliminary investigation has been conducted to find out the problems faced by Puff and Fresh Restaurant. The current manual billing system consists of errors mentioned below. Puff and fresh has daily customers. The Bills are stored in files and when the administration needs to access a particular bill, they have to manually go through the files and find it. This is often time consuming and can be a tiresome task. Maintaining records in files over account details require a lot of space and those records may be damaged or misused due to the poor security measures the Restaurant has taken. Since there are a lot of files to be handled, Puff and fresh has needed to handle accounts informations. This is an additional cost. And also the puff and fresh has to spend on paper and other stationary that are needed to store the billing system. A full feasibility study has been conducted and its results show that a computerized system for Puff and fresh is economically, legally and technically feasible to implement. 3. Solution for the problem. The preliminary investigation has given a clear idea about the problem the Puff and Fresh is currently facing. It is clear that the Restaurant needs a computerized system to run and manage the Bill process. Prototyping life cycle model been chosen as the appropriate life cycle model to be used to implement the system. Results from the E-R diagrams and the data flow diagrams have given an idea about the entities and their relationships. The new computerized system has been designed and created in a manner to solve all the problems the Restaurant is currently facing. Entering no of adults: The computerized system is created to identify the amount of adults. This reduces the work of the staff by preventing manual entry of the number and so it prevents errors. Entering no of childrens: The computerized system is created to identify the amount of childrens. This reduces the work of the staff by preventing manual entry of the number and so it prevents errors. Requesting orders: this program can identify the request orders without any errors. The system is password protected and the users have to enter a password to log into the system. This prevents unauthorized users logging into the system. 4. Flowcharts and pseudo codes for the system. 4.1Request Password function Pseudo code Request Password () Char password Char enter Password Open file password Read from file password Struct Print user id Print password Get input enter id Get input enter password If enter id and password = id and password is true then Print user authenticated press enter to login the program Else Print no such login information you entered user id of password invalid please try againà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ End if Close file While Enter user id and password! = administrator, password End while Return 4.2 Printing main menu Pseudo code Meals () Print welcome to puff and fresh breakfast billing system Print item no menu item price Print 1 string hoppers Rs65.00 Print 2 egg sandwich Rs15.00 Print 3 thosai with chutney Rs18.50 Print 4 parata Rs10.50 Print 5 sausage bun Rs30.00 Print 6 fish roll Rs25.00 Print 7 plain tea Rs10.00 Print 8 coffee Rs15.00 Print 9 tea Rs20.00 Print 10 fruit juice Rs22.50 End 4.3 Main menu Pseudo code Meals () Print welcome to puff and fresh breakfast billing system Print item no menu item price Print 1 string hoppers Rs65.00 Print 2 egg sandwich Rs15.00 Print 3 thosai with chutney Rs18.50 Print 4 parata Rs10.50 Print 5 sausage bun Rs30.00 Print 6 fish roll Rs25.00 Print 7 plain tea Rs10.00 Print 8 coffee Rs15.00 Print 9 tea Rs20.00 Print 10 fruit juice Rs22.50 Do while Print enter number of adults Get input number of adults Print enter number of children Get input number of children Do while Print adult Print please enter your orders Get input menu number Print please enter amount of order Get input amount order Print would you like to enter more orders (Y/N) Get input y or n If Input y Print please enter your orders Else Print children Print please enter your orders Get input menu number Print please enter amount of order Get input amount order Print would you like to enter more orders (Y/N) Get input y or n If input y print please enter your orders Else Print puff and fresh billing system Print adults/children amount total Print would you like to continue (y/n)? If Input get y Return Main menu Else Exit 5. Header files used in the program. #include//for input and output library #include// for string data types #include//for search and sorting (standerd library) #include//for mathematics #include// for string data types #include// for header files console input/outputs 5.1 User defined functions used in the the program double price[10] = {65.00 , 15.00 , 18.50 , 10.50 , 30.00 , 25.00 , 10.00 , 15.00 , 20.00 , 22.50 }; //prices of the items double mealTaxPrices[10]; // prices of the tax prices of the meals int adultNumber,childNumber;// number of adults and childern void printMeals();// fuction to print the meals void orderMeals();// function to order the meals double orderForAdult();// function to order for adults double orderForChildren();// function to order for childern void get_password();// function to get the password static struct account accounts[] = { //user names and passwords of the program void get_password ( char *pwd, int size )//function to get the paswwords int main ()//fucntion to main 6. Coding of the Puff and fresh Billing System // +++++++++++++ Puff and Fresh billing System ++++++++++++ #include//for input and output library #include// for string data types #include//for search and sorting (standerd library) #include//for mathematics #include// for string data types #include// for header files console input/outputs // Declaring Functions double price[10] = {65.00 , 15.00 , 18.50 , 10.50 , 30.00 , 25.00 , 10.00 , 15.00 , 20.00 , 22.50 }; //prices of the items double mealTaxPrices[10]; // prices of the tax prices of the meals int adultNumber,childNumber;// number of adults and childern void printMeals();// fuction to print the meals void orderMeals();// function to order the meals double orderForAdult();// function to order for adults double orderForChildren();// function to order for childern void get_password();// function to get the password //arrays for the password #define FIELD_SIZE 25 #define length(array) ( sizeof (array) / sizeof (array)[i] ) struct account { char *id; char *password; }; static struct account accounts[] = { //user names and passwords of the program { Administrator, password }, { Tuwan, icbt } }; int is_authorized ( const char *uid, const char *pwd )//password is correct { int i; for ( i = 0; i if ( stricmp ( uid, accounts[i].id ) == 0 strcmp ( pwd, accounts[i].password ) ==0 ) { return 1; } } return 0; } void get_password ( char *pwd, int size )//function to get the paswwords { int i = 0; int ch; while ( i if ( ch == b ) { if ( i != 0 ) { printf ( b%cb, ); i; } } else { putchar ( * ); pwd[i++] = (char)ch; } } pwd[i] = ; } int main ()//fucntion to main { system (cls);//to clear the screen system (color 0c);//This function help to change color in command prompt char uid[FIELD_SIZE]; char pwd[FIELD_SIZE]; //print the Login printf(t -n);//print this line printf(t ********** Welcome to Puff and Fresh Restaurant **********n);//print this line printf(t -nnnn);//print this line printf(Login by keying in your details below :-nn);//print this line printf ( User ID: );//print this line fflush ( stdout ); if ( fgets ( uid, sizeof uid, stdin ) != NULL ) { char *newline = strchr ( uid, n ); if ( newline != NULL ) *newline = ; printf ( Password: );//print this line fflush ( stdout ); get_password ( pwd, sizeof pwd ); if ( is_authorized ( uid, pwd ) ) //If entered the correct data then this meseage will display. printf(nnt >n); else { //If entered wrong then this error meseage will display and exit. printf(nnttt>); printf(nnt>n); system(pause); return main (); } } getchar(); printMeals(); char response = y; //print this in the main menu asking number of adults and number of chilrdren printMeals(); while(response == y|| response == Y) { printf( please enter number of adults :);//print this line scanf(%d,adultNumber); printf( please enter number of children:);//print this line scanf(%d,childNumber); orderMeals(); printf(n would you like to continue(y/n):);//print this line scanf(n%c,response); } //in the bill this will print printf(n ******************** THANK YOU FOR COMING ************************n);//print this line printf( 20********************** PLEASE VISIT US NEXT TIME **************************20 n);//print this line system(pause); return 0; } void printMeals()//fuction to print meals { char code; system(cls);//to clear the screen system (color f3);//This function help to change color in command prompt printf( Puff and fresh Copyright: (C)2010 Tuwan.nn); //print this line printf( 20=======================================================================20n); //print this line printf( 20********************* WELCOME TO PUFF AND FRESH ***********************20n); //print this line printf( 20********************* Breakfast Billing System ***********************20n); //print this line printf( 20=======================================================================20nnn); //print this line printf( tt Below is the menue:20nn); //print this line printf( tt Item NotMenu ItemttPrice:n); //print this line printf( tt 22*******************************22nn); //print this line printf( tt 1- tString HoppersttRs.65.50n); //print this line printf( tt 2-ttEgg SandwitchttRs.15.00n); //print this line printf( tt 3- tThosai with ChutneytRs.18.50n); //print this line printf( tt 4- tParatatttRs.10.50n); //print this line printf( tt 5- tSausages BunttRs.30.00n); //print this line printf( tt 6- tFish RollttRs.25.00n); //print this line printf( tt 7- tPlain TeattRs.10.00n); //print this line printf( tt 8- tCoffeetttRs.15.00n); //print this line printf( tt 9- tTeatttRs.20.00n);//print this line printf( tt 10- tFruit JuicettRs.22.50n);//print this line printf(n); } void orderMeals() //function to print order meals { double totalPriceForAdult, totalPriceForChildren; double allPayment,discount; printf( tt**** ORDER MENUE****n); //print this line totalPriceForAdult = orderForAdult(); totalPriceForChildren = orderForChildren(); allPayment = totalPriceForAdult + totalPriceForChildren ; system(cls);//to clear the screen system (color f4);//This function help to change color in command prompt printf(t 20==================================================20);//print this line printf(n tt 22****** WELCOME TO PUFF AND FRESH ******22 n);//print this line printf( tt*********** Breakfast Billing System ************ n);//print this line printf( t 20=============================================================20nn);//print this line printf( ttAdult/ChildttAmountttTotal Pricen);//print this line printf( ttadultsttt%dtt%5.2fn,adultNumber,totalPriceForAdult);//print adult amount and the price of the adult printf( ttchildrentt%dtt%5.2fn,childNumber,totalPriceForChildren);//print child amount and the price of the child printf( ttTotal billtttt%5.2fn,allPayment );//print the toal bill //arithmetic of the bill if(allPayment discount=((allPayment * 0.5)/100); else if(allPayment>= 10 allPayment discount=((allPayment * 1)/100); else if(allPayment>= 20 allPayment discount=((allPayment * 1.5)/100); else if(allPayment>= 30 allPayment discount=((allPayment * 2.0)/100); else discount= ((allPayment * 5.0)/100); printf( ttTotal bill after discounttt%5.2fnn,allPayment-discount);//print total bill anfter discount printf( t No 234, peradeniya road, Kandy. Tel:- 081-2345678nn);//print this line } double orderForAdult() //fuction to print orders for adult { int menuOption,i,amount; char response = y; double totalPerPerson = 0.0,totalAllPerson = 0.0; double tax = 5.0; if(adultNumber printf(n ); else printf(*tadults:n);//print this line for(i=0;i { printf( adult %d please enter your ordersn,i+1);//print this line while(response == y || response == Y) { printf( please enter your option:);//print this line scanf(%d,menuOption); if(menuOption10) { printf( sorry we don`t have this order nagain! );//print this line continue; } printf( please enter your amount of order:);//print this line scanf(%d,amount); totalPerPerson = totalPerPerson + (amount * price[menuOption 1] );//total price of a person printf( Would you like to enter more orders(y/n):);//print this line scanf(n%c,response); } printf(n); totalAllPerson += totalAllPerson + totalPerPerson;//arithmetic totalPerPerson = 0.0; response = y; } return totalAllPerson + ((totalAllPerson * tax) / 100);//arithmetic } double orderForChildren()//fuction to print orders for child { int menuOption,i,amount; char response = y; double totalPerChild = 0.0,totalAllChildren = 0.0; double tax = 5.0,oneOrder; if(childNumber printf(n); else printf(*tChildren:n);//print this line for(i=0;i { printf( child %d please enter your ordersn,i+1);//print this line while(response == y || response == Y) { printf( please enter your option:);//print this line scanf(%d,menuOption); if(menuOption10) { printf( sorry we don`t have this order nagain! );//print this line continue; } printf( please enter your amount of order:);//print this line scanf(%d,amount); oneOrder = (price[menuOption 1] * 60)/100 ;//this one order for a child with discount %60 of one order of adult totalPerChild = totalPerChild + (amount * oneOrder) ;//total price of a person printf( Would you like to enter more orders(y/n):);//print this line scanf(n%c,response); } totalAllChildren += totalAllChildren + totalPerChild; response = y; totalPerChild = 0.0; printf(n); } return totalAllChildren + ((totalAllChildren * tax) / 100);//arithmetic } //***************************************END*****************************************// 7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Puff and Fresh billing system: Advantages of Puff and Fresh billing system It is a Windows based system The program is easy to learn. Developing or modifying code is much easier and faster Restricted to a limited number of users You can have a fully functional and the user interface elements are quite powerful. Improved security Disadvantages of Puff and Fresh billing system Take time to implement Difficult to use in non-Windows environments. Viruses can infect. 8. Data dictionary Variable name Data type Description account struct The struct assigned to the accounts User id char Variable to hold the password password char The variable holding the value for the confirm password No of adults Char The variable holding the value for the confirm number of adults No of children char The variable holding the value for the confirm number of children payment double The variable holding the value of payment total double The variable holding the value of total discount double The variable holding the value of discount tax double The variable holding the value of tax Menu option Int The variable holding the value of menu option Meals char The variable holding the value for the confirm meals 9. Test cases of the system. Checking the User ID and Password # Test Test Type Expected Outcome Actual Outcome 1.1 Type in an incorrect User ID Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.2 Type in the correct Password. Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.3 Type in an correct User ID Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.4 Type in an incorrect Password Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 1.5 Type in an correct User ID Normal Logging into the system message displayed Logging into the system message displayed 1.6 Type in an correct Password Normal Logging into the system message displayed Logging into the system message displayed Selecting options from the Main Menu ( Entering options using main menu Adult and children) Adult # Test Test Type Expected Outcome Actual Outcome 2.1 Type in an incorrect option. Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 2.2 Type in the correct option Normal Option becomes available. Option becomes available. Selecting options from the Main Menu ( Entering options using main menu Adult and children) Children # Test Test Type Expected Outcome Actual Outcome 2.1 Type in an incorrect option. Erroneous Error message displayed Error message displayed 2.2 Type in the correct option Normal Option becomes available. Option becomes available. 10. Report about the program When chording this program Puff and Fresh Billing system I had to face lots of difficulties like syntax errors, semantic errors and compiling errors. Such as when we misspelled a word it becomes a syntax error. For example u can see below screenshot. If there is an error in logic it becomes a logical error. When we compile the chord the compiling chord show the error. You can see an example below. (A logical error) 11. Recommendations Implementing a security system to allow access to only authorized personals. Take regular backups of all the player records. Conducting a user training and support plan to train the staff at Puff and Fresh. Update the system in the future adding new features. Implement a system where the player can order Items online. Create a centralized database; thereby the same data is accessible from any location. Security from viruses; computer viruses could be a major problem; therefore reliable antivirus software could be installed. This software could be updated on a regular basis and the employees should be trained to use it. Keep the passwords updated; that is the users should change their passwords on a regular basis. Install Malware and spyware guards to protect the system from being hacked. 12. Conclusion The documentation includes all necessary information on the structure and the coding of the program created for Puff and Fresh Billing system. Creating the program was an overwhelming task that required a lot of analyzing, research work and personal skills. Below is a list of problems that had to be faced while creating the program. Understanding the problem and coming up with the most suitable solutions. Using the correct logics and the coding that would work best according to the requirements. Making proper use of the data types and variables such as structs and arrays. Understanding the errors that occur when using such data types and finding solutions to overcome those errors. Creating user-defined functions and passing parameters successfully. Creating proper user interface. Creating proper messages for input and output. Understanding the situations where displaying of error messages are needed and successfully creating them. Above problems have been successfully analyzed and correct solutions have been given in this assignment. Creating this report had been a great experience and a lot of facts have been learned since the required tasks have been given in a challenging manner. Tasks such as creating a system to a restaurant, needed research work as well as personal skills. Creating proper error messages was a very tiring task that consumed a lot of time. The program has been created successfully with proper error messages displaying at proper situations. Alternative measures had to be taken when using arrays and enumerators to prevent run-time errors. Even though there were no logical or syntax errors, using arrays inside struct created errors with the memory and finding out those errors was a difficult task. 13. Gantt chart 14. Reference Malik, D.S, I. (1999). C++ Programming: programmed Design Including Data Structures. Second Edition, Thompson Course technology, pp.269-294. DaniWeb.LLC, 2003 2010, Viewed on 25th of August 2008, http://www.daniweb.com/forums/thread141983.html Experts Exchange LLC 2009, viewed on 18th of August 2010, http://www.expertsexchange.com/Programming/Languages/CPP/Q_2163.html About, Inc. About and About.com,2010, viewed on 24th of August 2010, http://en.allexperts.com/q/C-1040/Storing-Info-Files.htm Lectures tutes and notes of c++. Exhedra Solutions, Inc, 1997-2010, viewed on 24th of August 2010, http://www.planetsourcecode.com/vb/default.asp?lngWId=3 Experts Exchange LLC 2010, viewed on 15th of August 2010, http://www.expertsexchange.com/Programming/Languages/CPP/Q_2163.html

Importance Of The Performance Appraisal Business Essay

Importance Of The Performance Appraisal Business Essay Q3. Critically assess the importance of the Performance Appraisal as a function of human resource management in either a private or a public sector organization. Use a relevant case study discussed in the seminars to illustrate the importance of the above in relation to the strategic business objective of the organization. Introduction The Human Resources Management (HRM) is rational allocation of human resources in planned way based on the requirements of development strategy of organizations, which ensure the corporate strategic objectives. The HRM is a series of corporate policies in human resources affairs and relevant management activities. A diversity of functions are included in the HRM, and the key is to determine the employment needs of an organization and whether to outsource or hire staffs to fill these vacancies, recruiting, training, evaluating performance, and guaranteeing the personnel and management performs conform to numerous rules. Performance appraisal is one of the key functions of the HRM, it has a largely effect on the success of the organizations HRM, thus, it is no need to say that performance appraisal plays an important role in either private or public sector organizations. However, due to the complicated relationship within the organizations and the difficulties in designing appraisal system, performance appraisal cannot always be effective and useful. In this paper, some basic concept of performance appraisal will be discussed at the very beginning, the importance of performance appraisal will be discussed after that, issues which leads to ineffective of appraisal will be indicated and a case will also be used to illustrate the importance of performance appraisal. The Role and Purpose of Performance Appraisal The performance appraisal is one of the most important parts of HRM system. Performance appraisal is the method of obtaining, analyzing, and recording evidence about the relative value of a staff to the organization. It is an analysis of a staffs recent performance, advantages and disadvantages, and suitability for training or promotion in the future. Besides rewards allocation, organizations also use appraisals to offer growing advice to employees, as well as to know their perspectives about their positions, departments, supervisors and organizations (Walsh and Fisher, 2005). Generally speaking, the processes of performance appraisal are in six following steps: 1. discussing and establishing standards of performance with employees; 2. setting assessable targets; 3. measuring real performance; 4. comparing real performance with the employee; 5. discussing the evaluation with employee; 6. initiating corrective action when it is necessary. As a crucial function of HRM, although there is no consensus on the purpose of performance appraisal, the purpose of performance appraisal is generally identified as to improve current performance, provide feedback, increase motivation, identify training needs, identify potential, let individuals know what is expected of them, focus on career development, award salary increases and solve job problems (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2002). Performance appraisal plays a verity of roles in the HRM: it encourages supervisor and staff have regular and organized dialogue, makes the provision of feedback to the employee being assessed comprehensively; it enables to evaluate past and current performance, aims to find out the possibility for improvement and how to achieve it; it identifies the needs of training and individual or professional developmental; it gives advice for promotion and secondment; it is used to decide the performance-based payment. The Importance of Performance Appraisal in Organizations It is clearly that the HRM makes a great contribution for either private or public sector organizations to achieve organization goals, therefore, as an important function of HRM, the performance appraisal has significant importance in organizations. If there is no performance appraisal system, an organization can hardly have a clear understanding of its current situation, therefore it cannot get the direction and goals for improvement for future, the situation of the organization will be dangerous. If the performance appraisal system is full of deviation or even error, it can possibly lead the organization into a wrong direction of resource inputting, thus the organization will lose its long-term competitiveness. On the contrary, an effective performance appraisal system can ensure resources of the organization invested into the most critical processes, which can improve competitive advantage of organization. Generally speaking, the importance of performance appraisal to organization is mainly reflected in three aspects: 1. Affecting the productivity and competitiveness of organization. Performance of employees has a huge effect on productivity and competitiveness of the organization. Performance can be measured from work results, work action and work attitude of employees; 2. Performance appraisal result is an important indicator of personnel decisions. Performance evaluation offers important reference when organization making personnel decisions, such as promotion or demotion, secondment, salary adjustment and so on; 3. Effectively performance appraisal leads to better staff management. It means that an organization can make better evaluation of staff performance, which results in more reasonable remuneration and incentive. It also means that an organization will be able to offer more help to employees self-development since performance evaluation can explore the potential of employees and help them know clearly about what they should do to meet expectations better. Besides, it will help to achieve better communication between superiors and staffs, which promote greater unity of purpose. It is no doubt to say that strategic control plays an important role in meeting strategic business objective of the organizations. Strategy implementation is best accomplished through high-performing people (Michlitsch, 2000), that is to say, the HRM functions are important strategic control measurements. The ability of the organization to obtain a benefit from the professional knowledge and employees vision will be limited if there is an invaluable link between human resources functions and strategic plans of organization (Humphreys, 2005), so the link between the HRM and strategic objective is so important. As one of the core functions of the HRM, performance appraisal has purpose on administration and motivation, it provides important information and feedback for the HRM, so it is necessary for leaders of organizations to understand and create accomplished performance appraisal and feedback systems, which can link human resource management activities with the strategic needs of th e business (Schuler, Fulkerson and Dowling, 1991). On the other hand, according to the research of Walsh and Fisher (2005), organizations performance appraisal processes operate in ways that are less than ideal. Performance appraisal may be leaded to useless and inaccurate situation by many factors such as time pressures, complicated forms and psychological defense. Whats more, the appraisal process may become unclear and incoherent since employees and organizations try to meet different needs by performance appraisal. That is why most organizations agree that performance appraisal is important and must be executed, but only a few organizations can execute it continuously, usefully and effectively. Besides, a performance appraisal system should build clarity and reinforce a strategic corporate mission/direction (Chadwick, 1991), different parts of the organization will make effort to achieve the objectives in their one-sided view if a performance appraisal system didnt build clarity and strengthen strategic organization objective, th is may lead to sabotaging to overall organization goal. If things come to this situation, performance appraisal cannot act as an important and useful role in the HRM, let alone in strategic control. A Case Study of Rother Homes Effective performance appraisal systems do make important contribution for either private or public sector organizations. One of the evidence is from the experience of Rother Homes, which included in the case studies we had discussed in the seminars. The strategic business objective of Rother Homes was to reorganize its top two management tiers, which needed help in plan of succession and in-house development of managers. Rother Homes wanted to create an organization capable of grasping the opportunities which independence allowed (Analoui, 2007). After preliminary restructuring, a brand new performance appraisal system was in great need and conducted gradually. According to well-planned process and customized, well designed feedback questionnaire, Rother Homes benefited from 360-degree feedback not only for their new performance appraisal system but also their program of management development. Ten-month management-development program was conducted on the base of new performance app raisal system, the program made employees expanding and applying knowledge and views better, it also made participants doing better in teamwork. This program got very positive feedback from managers. Finally, under the help of more suitable and supportive performance appraisal system, Rother Homes successfully reorganized its management tiers, whats more, they got a more cohesive and enthusiastic management group (Analoui, 2007), well met the strategic business objective. This example well illustrated the importance of performance appraisal in relation to the strategic business objective of the organization. Conclusion As one of the most important functions of the HRM, performance appraisal plays a big role in the success of the organizations HRM. Performance appraisal affects the productivity and competitiveness of organization, the results of performance appraisal is an important indicator of personnel decisions and effectively performance appraisal leads to better staff management. Performance appraisal has a big importance to either private or public sector organizations and an effectively performance appraisal system does offers great help for either private or public sector organizations to achieve strategic goals. However, since the complicated relationship within the organizations and the complications in establishing well-designed appraisal system, performance appraisal cannot always be effective and useful as we expected it. In one word, establishing an effective appraisal system is not an easy task and it can never be completed overnight (Caruth and Humphreys, 2008). The only way to deve lop a useful and effective performance appraisal system is to work hard, think carefully, plan seriously and design accurately as what Rother Homes has done, it is not easy but is definitely worth to do.

Using Biometrics for Security :: Technology Safety Essays

Using Biometrics for Security Today the protection of everything has become an important issue that affects everyone. Whether it’s protecting a cashier’s cash drawer or preventing a suicide bomber onto an aircraft. Either way there is going to be an increase and change in security. The advancement in the technology of computers has made it easier for people to get information. Today, a person can log onto the internet and view information on anything and everything. If an average person can do that then how secure is the internet? How much security should be placed on a computer or a website? For the average person, a password, personal identification number, or keys allow them to view information that only they can access. This form of security isn’t of high-quality because it can be forged. Over the years, many people have developed security systems that can actually authenticate a person. This report will be looking at these advancements as well as my thoughts of them. The improvement in security was developed on the bases of biometrics. Biometrics refers to the authentication techniques that rely on measurable characteristics that can be automatically checked. [1] Biometric techniques are divided into physiological and behavioral characteristics. Physiological characteristics include: the finger, palm, the face, and the retina and iris of the eye. Behavioral characteristics include: voiceprints, keystrokes and handwritten signatures. Fingerprints is the most commonly use of biometric today. It works great for the population between the ages of 18 and 40 because their prints are haven’t been effective by normal aging. In my view there are a few downfalls. The first on is due to aging. As we go through life our body changes. We lose fat on a fingers causing the image to become more difficult to read. The second one is due to the type of employment. A construction worker or a carpenter work with their hands all the time. Many of them get injuries on their hands causing a scar to alter the fingerprint. My final downfall is a bit distorted. A finger can be cut off. There are many people that will go to any means to get what they want. This includes cutting off a person finger and carrying it around till they get to what they need to access. Palm and hand scanner are less effective and more expensive then fingerprint scanners.

Comparing Roosevelts New Deal and Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing Roosevelt's New Deal and Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie Books Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote many books during her time. She is best known for her Little House on the Prairie books, which were written in the 1930's during the great depression. I will contrast Roosevelt's New Deal with Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie books. The comparison between these two is the fact of how the Little House on the Prairie books did not depend on the government and Roosevelt's New Deal plan and how Laura and her family lived life with little to no help from the government. To start off I am going to give you a brief background on what caused the great depression and how the New Deal came about. The great depression came about for many different reasons. Some of these reasons are due to the stock market crash of 1929. Most people think that this is what started the great depression but actually it was only part of it. The upper and lower classes played a big role on wages for what was paid between the two different classes. Because of this wage difference it had an impact on the banking system. Also America became know as a credit nation vs. a debtor nation. Which meant that the United States was owed more money by other countries and the United States owed. Another problem that the United States was having is that the whole dollar vs. gold. During the 1930's the United States was still on a gold value system where paper money had no value. With all of these factors and the stock market crash of 1929 was just the final straw that broke the camels back as the saying goes. With the depression going and 1 out of every 4 people not having a job, the country was in serious troub le. Franklin D. Roosevelt came up with the New Deal. The New Deal was also known as Works Progress Administration (WPA). The program put 8,500,000 of Americans back to work. The work consisted of everything from building public parks and a writers program to paying farmers not to plant crops. This is the part of the New Deal that I will be addressing. The Agricultural Adjustment Act also known as AAA. The AAA act came about to stabilize prices and overproduction on farm products such as cotton, wheat, corn, rice, tobacco, hogs and milk.

Essay examples --

Whether you want to disseminate an issue, send invitations for an upcoming event, promote or support a good cause, connect with old friends, or even create a buzz about something for that matter, social networking sites are what people take to these days for any sort of such activity. The rising trend of this generation is that almost everything, personal or professional, is online. Forms like email and instant messaging are losing their significance in the lives of today's generation as the bulk of users engaged in social networking platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google Plus, and LinkedIn are increasing at an exponential rate. Although impossible to pick the best, the most prevalent today are Facebook and Twitter. They are both ruling social media today, but are different in terms of their versatility, privacy settings, and features such as groups and pages. Both Facebook and Twitter are extremely popular social networking services with a colossal user base. With Facebook touching a monthly user base of 1.23 billion in 2013, it has emerged as the most powerful social media of all time ("Facebook Userbase," 2014). Not so far behind is Twitter that has now evolved as one of the top most social messaging platforms with 232 million monthly active users (Edwards, 2013). Both are based on the central idea of connecting the world and are special in their own ways. They are both now available as mobile apps for Android, Apple, Windows Phone and BlackBerry users. However, there exist some features that make Facebook quite distinct from Twitter. To begin with, the former is quite evolved in terms of versatility compared to the latter. Every Facebooker can upload photos and videos, play popular games such as Fa... ...nuously as well. In fact, if the user base of Twitter grows at a faster rate and the developers add more new features to make it more versatile and user-friendly it may even prove to be a threat to Facebook. Nevertheless, it is paramount for both to stay in their zones and work on what they are best known and valued for in order to cater to the masses in the long run. References Facebook userbase touches 1.23 billion in 2013. (2014, January 30). The Economic Times. Retrieved from http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-30/news/46828393_1_ad-revenue-facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-facebook-coo-sheryl-sandberg Edwards, J. (2013, Nov 5). Twitter is surprisingly small compared to a bunch of other apps and online companies. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-user-base-compared-to-other-apps-and-online-companies-2013-11

Kitchen Best Essay

Individual case study: Kitchen Best Kitchen Best is the typical family owned SME, specialized in the Kitchen appliance production, with Headquarter in Hong Kong and manufacturing plant based in China, in the Guandong province. The main problems concerning the company, are all related with its managing and governance system. The company has been run for years by its founder, Cha Dong, who managed it in a paternalistic way, establishing very strong relationships with most of its senior Staff. His management style reflected the old business culture, characterized by high sense of belonging to the â€Å"family† and an high degree of acceptance of the practice of kickbacks, considered the normal way to run business in China. When Cha Dong, at the end off its career, left the management to its son, Henry Chan, all the governance shortcomings came to light. Henry Chan, who received a Western education, had a more international approach, less involved than its father in the operationa l activities of the company and more focused on its ambitious targets. He prospected to double the revenues of the company entering the US and EU market directly, while continuing to serve the Asian market, where its father focused until that day. Its expertise in the Western culture would have helped the enter in such markets, making the project ambitious but feasible, on the other side focusing in such a target would have meant ignoring the management aspects of its role, who are the basis for the success of a company. Furthermore Henry Chan lack of operational expertise, so he completely relies on Ma Luk, the company’s operations Director, to whom his father delegated the entire operational activities of the factory, during its lasts years of management. He had in that way a great independence and power, given by its expertise and close connection with clients and suppliers. He had also a low level of coordination with Henry Chan, to whom he formally reported, but still su bstantially referred to Chang Dong for important issues. In fact the Kitchen Best founder had still a strong managerial presence in the company, as all its employees trusted him completely, we can asses that the managerial transition did not happened in substantial terms. The company’s culture reflects the old managerial style of the founder: the selection and training of employees is done on a familiar contact base, not relying on impartial standards of efficiency. The lack of standards in training and  recruitment, the high degree of toleration of kickbacks, together with the high independence in the operational decisions, are all factors that contributed to the bad management of the Staff. To Ma Luk, too much power was delegated, with no substantial control, due to the lack of technical skills of Henry Chan. Moreover his strong ties with clients and suppliers were created through kickbacks, tolerated by the father and after by his son, partially to provide a certain continuation in management and partially for fear of losing most of the crucial contacts. Sze, on the other side, trained Macy Wei, Quality Control Manager, affecting so the impartiality required by her role. Looking at the Trust and Advice Network inside the company, we will s urely underline a strong connection between Sze and Macy Wei, as between Ma Luk and Cha Dong, while the actual manager of the company will result isolated and not connected to the main key figures of Kitchen Best. The communication Network will also reveal important managerial considerations. The communication is formal, non effective and one-way: from the bottom to the top, with a total absence of feedback from Henry Chan. A radical change is so necessary in the company’s culture and governance system, starting with a zero tolerance approach toward facilitating payments. Kickbacks are reducing the competitiveness of the company and is severely punished by criminal laws both in China and Macao, where the company operates. This corruptive system is also exposing the company to many problems: one of its key customers, Honghua, has adopted a zero tolerance policy to kickbacks and the company is re-evaluating all its suppliers under standards of competitiveness. To cope with these issues, Henry Chan should concentrate more in the operational part of the company, gaining expertise and position himself strongly at the head of the company. First of all, he should establish a code of ethics, as a first step to change the old and paternalistic company’s culture, by inserting Western elements such as standards and ethics principles. The Code of Ethics should be a formal statement, containing ethical principles related with employees responsibilities and Business integrity. On the other side, Standards should be settled and implemented, with a zero toleration of sub-standards, especially when Selecting, Hiring, Training and Promoting employees. Promotions should be based on performance and compliance with the Codes. Moreover an External Independent Auditor should be hired to control that all  the members of the company, and also its suppliers are complying with standards and Codes. After all, Henry Chan should communicate in an effective w ay the radical measures adopted, explaining to the Stuff how fundamental is for the company to meet the standards established, to enhance its competitiveness in order to better serve its actual Asian clients and to enter the US and EU market. Repeating past errors, such as the Shago or Haus de Metro Incidents, will be fatal for the future of the company: suppliers will be chosen according to their competitiveness and no more on family or friendship relationship base. For that reason a specific Code of behavior for Suppliers has to be implemented too. In conclusion, to make the corporate governance transformation of Kitchen Best feasible, Henry Chan should definitely strengthen its position and impose a more ethic behavior inside the company. To do so, he should enter into the Trust Network, establishing a trust relationship with its Stuff, not being afraid of scolding them when necessary and partially divesting their strength in the customer and suppliers relationships. He should Invest much more time in operational and managerial tasks, as the growth and success of the company depend on them. He should also implement a bi-side communication with its employees, reporting periodically their performances through Feedbacks. When Henry Chan will have adopted all these measures and implemented all the Standards and Codes, his father will be divested from its role, reducing so its influence in the company’s decisions, who reflected the old paternalistic culture, favorable to the unethical practice of facilitating payments.

African American Religion Essay

Before Africans were brought to the States during the knuckle d experience trade, they had their own purification and society. They had their own quarrel and dance. They also had their own religion. history tells us that the Europeans justified their ab riding habit toward the Africans as destiny them be infer more civilized because the Africans flavourstyle appe bed primal to them and non as unquestionable and in spargerialized as theirs. What is often miss is that even though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and gravel been stripped of their religion, culture, language and even their name, the very essence of the African as a people did non go past. few African American slaves rejected Christianitys religion because they precept it as the washrag piece of musics religion. History tells us American Slave master ab utilise the Africans by whipping them identical animals and by treating them inhu instaurati nonpareil. The fact that these slave po pulate wanted the African American to reverence their god was unacceptable for some because they could not fathom why they should worship a god who anyowed people to be so badly treated.Some Africans accepted Christianitys religion and doctrine by identifying with the Nazarene Christ, the son of God who accord to the countersign was y prohibitedh hostelocent of sin and further he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the macrocosm. Some African Americans wanted to quell assuranceful to their hereditary pattern yet did not agree with the be coverch practices. band Hollys event is a good display case of conforming to the scotch successfulness of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians en compel Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian variant of Christian text. band developed a kind of aversion for his own people proving that he has choose the practices of sports reality akin America in the primordial 1900s. Niggers coming up here from that darkened fundamentwoods coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars smell for emptydom. Seth governs. They got a rude awakening (6). Seth signifies the African American who resents assimilation to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he besides attempts to connect with his heritage by exclusively wholeowing Bynum to live in his home and vow it with his kick ups religious rites. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba.Bynums eccentric person is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts free pigeons and sp take aims its slant onto him as a fount of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remown(prenominal) faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who lose chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as corruptive, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices anymore. Loomis passports in on the juba dance and goes into a trance after dinner at the circuit carding d welling house.He had a trance of skeletons emerge from a body of water. Loomis I d 1 seen b iodines rise up out the water. Rise up and walk across the water. B stars locomote on top of the water (53). Loomis recognizes by means of the vision, his domain of ignorance to the k outrightledge that will lead him to the revolutionary way of thinking. Bynum serves as a sustenance character reacting to Loomiss trance. Bynum They walking more or less here now. Mens. Just identical you and me. muster right up out the water (56). Loomiss trance and Bynums interpretation of it is a turning point in the story.The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomiss vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation interpretd by the slaves during e worldcipation, and the wonder of his grow from Joe turner. Both L oomis and Bynum have tapped into their patrimonial religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who never renounced his religion and Loomis is the African-American who off-key from conjure religion and converted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life off from him, Loomis questi iodind his Christian faith and his individuation.By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had actually been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the play conjures is encompasses iv generations Bynums father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reubens vision is of Seths cause by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the reader to believe that Loomis unavoidably to let on his missing wife.Martha Pentecost is not the one who was lost Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, inquisitioning. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him say his vision. That vision represented Loomis going back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to pay off Martha Pentecost simply to say au revoir to her and their life former to thwarther. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the rest of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter.However, it is do pretty obvious this was never Loomiss intentions. That goodbye kept me out on the street searching, Loomis says, now that I see your lawsuit I can say my goodbye and make my own world (90). Martha Pentecost, a wo public of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white Americas culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis you through with(p) asleep (p) over to the devil (91). White mans religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil.Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. Loomis Great big older white manyour Mr. Jesus Christ. runing on that point with a whip in one hand and a tote board in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cotton (92). Loomis proves with his statement, his version of a book of account story that differed from other African Americans entirely was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level infra God and the Africans were at a lower abode them, Africans were one leash of a somebody. Loomis now believes that if Africans are going to be free then they have to take energise of their own destiny.Martha Pentecost represents the African Americans religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to be washed in the blood of the lamb (92) and you put one acrosse gone(a) over to the devil. (91) Through class lessons I learned that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from suppression, violence, and coalitionage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. The hope of reigning in heave with Jesus is considered the ultimate reinforcing stimulus for suffering lifes trials and tribulations.It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks trusted in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as yen as the enslaving and oppressing took derriere America would face the same wrath as Egypt. Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord. The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation revolt for the blacks and apply as a joyride to keep blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their contentedness of travail and triumph of Israel.Some African Americans coul d not make it past the discourse from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a result they rejected Christianity. Seligs piece suggests that the subsume between characters is the acquisition of satisfying goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have unceasingly made their documentation pursuing African Americas his great gramps transported slaves from Africa, his father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods.African Americans are objects for exploitation and exchange in the impertinently economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence constancy by taking them from one construction website or go site to another, similar to a temporary employment office today. You pay for an employee to work for s ome time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of independence. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers.Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has very little patience for African Americans migrating normality looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very demanding of his patrons, insistence on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a respectable house. Its hard enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there aint been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roads and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom.(5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white mans world therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans. Seth does not have any idea of what it would be worry to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his education with his maths calculation when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to overcharge him for the dust pan materials. Educational differences played a role in tension with southern blacks, most of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a payoff of oral traditionand immediate experience and emotion. Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not rightfully be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies item-by-item worth and identity for some of Wilsons characters. To be defrauded of the products of ones labor or to see that understructure diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of several(prenominal)(a) worth and identity. If people have been disjointed from this truth of individual worth and identity t hrough oppression their capacity to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined.Social alienation in Wilsons characters are expressed in their stores of small relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. Seth Something aint linguistic context right with that fellow, Bynum. Hes one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed somebody gambling over a quarter. (20) Connection between oppression, alienation from self- splendor and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turners ability to oppress Loomis carried a judgment of non-worth. Loomis He told me I was worthless.Worthless is something you throw away. Something you dont bother with (73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white mans power he was marked as one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to swallow his song. (71) Being alienated from himself and displaced with his rel ation to the world, Loomis is unable(p) to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilsons characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his incomparable song.The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with pagan wiseness is not the self discovery of an honest African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomiss identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it makes since that in search of ones identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually catch a form of healing during their stay.Tenants get direction and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies Africa n American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an unaffiliated African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. Bynum Herald Loomis, you shining You shining like new money (94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing himself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new go on his terms.Bynums shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. They tell me Joe Turners come and Gone is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the second time I read the play I cognise that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. August Wilson uses symbolic representation in the play as a very important part in conveying the meaning of the story. Wilsons use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr.Wilsons use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis. Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans during slavery, hope for the release from bondage after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely twentieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence seizure of any restraint, because God made all men from his image. in that respect are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world.Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I aint never found no place for me to fit. (76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is go forth the boarding house in search of her mom, when I get grown, I come looking for you. (84) Jeremy does not seem to plow much when he loses his job because, dont make me no diffe rence. Theres a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I aint supplying on staying in one place for too long noway. (64) Martha & Reverend Tolliver locomote the Church up north because of the bustle the church was having.When the Civil War in the long run brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the working class of organizing religious communities was only one portion of the larger need to create new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the coupled States as citizens rather than property. August Wilsons play, Joe Turners come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following(a) slavery. Bibliography Murphy, L. G. (2000). Down By the Riverside. impertinent York New Yourk University Press. Wilson, A. (1988). Joe Turner Come and Gone. New York Penguin Group.